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“The molecular tools we developed during this study allow us to rapidly quantify prevalence of the blue crab reo-like virus in captive and wild crabs,” said scientist Dr Eric Schott.

Once identified by its genome, the reo-like virus was later visualized by microscopy by collaborators at the NOAA Oxford lab. They first extracted nucleic acids from potentially infected crabs then enriched virus genomes, allowing them to more easily find the virus. In the laboratory, the researchers investigated the possible role of viruses in the soft shell crab’s mortality by exploiting the unique physicochemical properties of the virus genome, which consists of double stranded RNA (distinct from the double stranded DNA that makes up crab and human genomes). Local watermen working in the soft-shell industry provided crabs to the Baltimore-based Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET) for examination. The UMCES-led team developed an innovative way to identify this crab virus solely by isolating its genetic material. When combined with the large number of animals living in a confined area, the potential for infectious diseases to spread among the crabs increases. Scientists attribute this high loss to the pressures crabs face as they are harvested, handled and placed in the facilities.

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